libcamera: base: log: Protect log categories with lock

Log categories may be added from any thread, so it is important to
synchronize access to the `Logger::categories_` list between its two
users: category creation (by LogCategory::create(), which calls
Logger::findCategory() and Logger::registerCategory()); and log level
setting (by Logger::logSetLevel()).

The LogCategory::create() function uses a mutex to serialize category
creation, but Logger::logSetLevel() can access `Logger::categories_`
concurrently without any protection. To fix the issue, move the mutex to
the Logger class, and use it to protect all accesses to the categories
list. This requires moving all the logic of LogCategory::create() to a
new Logger::findOrCreateCategory() function that combines both
Logger::findCategory() and Logger::registerCategory() in order to make
the two operations exacute atomically.

Signed-off-by: Barnabás Pőcze <pobrn@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>

include/libcamera/base/log.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ public:
 	static const LogCategory &defaultCategory();
 
 private:
+	friend class Logger;
 	explicit LogCategory(std::string_view name);
 
 	const std::string name_;